Revista Ingeniería Biomédica

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Acceso abierto
Desarrollo de un sistema de audición vibrotáctil para el acceso a la música: Fase I
(2013-09-26) Villa-Moreno, A. (Adriana); García-Quiroz, F. (Felipe); Castaño-Jaramillo, P. (Paula); Londoño-Jaramillo, N. (Nathalia)
The sense of touch transmits not only isolated tactile sensations also information that can be processed at the cerebral cortex in a similar way as it is in the brain areas for audition or vision. Both vibratile and electrical stimuli have been used for tactile stimulation devices, and the former was chosen for the system presented. The tactile auditory-substitution systems have focused on communication skills, but this work pretends the construction of a device for developing musical and artistic skills. These should be reflected in the capacity to identify musical pieces through tactile stimulation. The graphical user interface of the system was programmed using the virtual instrumentation software LabVIEW 7.0. It includes tools for the learning of the system, which were developed to help increasing the sensitivity of the user. Besides, to ensure a clear association with music theory and acoustic concepts some visual feedback systems were implemented
Acceso abierto
Diseño y construcción de un dispositivo para la alerta de obstáculos (DAO)
(2014-04-18) Herrera-Velásquez, A. (Alejandro); Jaramillo-Morales, R (Roberto)
This paper presents the development of a portable electronic device for blind people. It is composed of an ultrasonic pair (emitter-receiver), and lead by a microcontroller. First, an emitter block generates ultrasonic waves that are reflected after they had collided with an obstacle. The reflected signal is captured by the receiver. The signal is then amplified, and after a threshold comparison is made by the microcontroller, an output is carried to the motor of a vibrator located in the patient’s waist.The systems block diagram, the programming logic, the mechanical design, and the electrical circuit schematics are presented.
Acceso abierto
Diseño y construcción de un fonocardiógrafo digital con visualización en LabVIEW
(2014-04-18) Osorio-Valencia, J. S. (Juan Sebastián); Cuesta-López, L. F. (Luisa Fernanda); Gómez-Maya, F. (Felipe)
The auscultation of the heart noises has always been an important tool in medicine, a good diagnosis of illnesses related to the heart valves should be given from a phonocardiogram able to give the doctor a reliable information of the patients situation. The design presented is a phonocardiograph capable of amplifying and filtering the acoustic signs derived from the heart. After an analog to digital conversion of those signs the information is sent by serial port to a graphic environment in LabVIEW for its registration and analysis in real time
Acceso abierto
Interfaces neuronales y sistemas máquina-cerebro: fundamentos y aplicaciones. Revisión
(2014-04-19) García-Quiroz, F. (Felipe); Villa-Moreno, A. (Adriana); Castaño-Jaramillo, P. (Paula)
Abstract—During the past ten years the Neural Interfaces and brain-computer communication systems area has become an important field for research, in part due to the increasing statistics of motor and sensorial disabilities. The development of these systems and interfaces requires the coordinated work of different areas such as physiology, materials science, instrumentation and signal processing, computational intelligence, mechanics, electronics, robotics, and informatics, among others. They allowed the right integration between the nervous system physiology, the construction of biocompatible electrodes, the acquiring of proper signals for processing, the classification and identification of coded patterns and the design of the actuators elements to finally achieve the goal of the interface. In this review the three basic stages of neural interfaces are shown. This includes: signal acquiring, signal processing and the wide variety of applications with the effectors systems.
Acceso abierto
Para recordar los inicios de la Ingeniería Biomédica en Antioquia
(2014-04-19) Escobar-Mejía, I. (Ignacio)
Acceso abierto
Prototipo de incubadora neonatal
(2014-04-19) Restrepo-Pérez, L. (Laura); Durango-Londoño, N. (Natalia); Gómez-Suárez, N. E. (Nicolás Eugenio); González-Ramírez, F. (Felipe); Rivera-Bonilla, N. (Nadia)
Newborn and premature infants incubators provide a controlled environment for infants which need special care. The constructed prototype has the potential to cover the minimal needs in a hospital, in a way that medical staff may control the newborn environment. This article reports the design and construction of the prototype included research for selecting and building the elements of the prototype: the chassis, hood, mattress case, and a power source. Different transducers were included in the incubator for measuring temperature, luminosity, noise, humidity, and a door alarm. The purpose of these was to guaranty the proper conditions for the newborn.The constructed prototype is fully functional and constitutes a first step for building newborn incubators with appropriated technology.
Acceso abierto
Development of a Dynamic Goniometer with an Incremental Encoder
(2014-04-19) García-Quiroz, F. (Felipe); Villa-Moreno, A. (Adriana); Restrepo-Peláez, M. (María)
La medición dinámica de los ángulos articulares se ha convertido en un parámetro fundamental para deportistas, médicos y analistas de los procesos de rehabilitación. El desarrollo de dispositivos para estas aplicaciones ha presentado retos importantes debido a la imposibilidad de implementar los sistemas mecánicos requeridos para la medición, sin afectar el movimiento natural de las articulaciones. Los goniómetros digitales se han construido a partir de diferentes principios electrónicos, particularmente basados en las variaciones resistivas de potenciómetros. Este trabajo muestra el desarrollo e implementación de un goniómetro dinámico basado en un encoder incremental con un sistema de transmisión mecánico entre una articulación de tipo bisagra y una polea conectada a un disco óptico. La rotación se detecta con un LED infrarrojo y un fototransistor. El cálculo del movimiento angular en la articulación se realiza con un microcontrolador. Finalmente los datos se muestran en tiempo real en una pantalla de cristal líquido (LCD).
Acceso abierto
El aporte de la biomecánica y la Ingeniería en rehabilitación en la Ingeniería Biomédica de la EIA-CES
(2014-04-20) Torres-Velásquez, A. (Andrés); Díaz-León, C. A. (Christian Andrés); García-Muriel, L. F. (Luisa Fernanda); Toro-Hernandez, M. L. (María Luisa)
Acceso abierto
Ingeniería Clínica para no ingenieros:adquisición de equipos médicos
(2014-04-20) Molina-Velásquez, T. (Tatiana)
Modern healthcare relies heavily on all sorts of medical devices in order to provide care to patients. The care provided by hospitals and clinics depends in the technology that they have and the equipment that is available to offer the health service. It is therefore very important to have a person that can provide an effectively plan to acquire, maintain, and replace medical equipment and also that is capable to optimize the cost/benefit relation. The clinical engineer is the person that can develop the acquisition plan that would benefit not only the health care center but the patient and the medical staff. This article will provide to clinical and administrative staff a basic guideline to use in the technology acquisition process.
Acceso abierto
El mundo aún guarda muchas oportunidades
(2014-04-20) Gómez-Posada, J. C. (Juan Camilo)
Acceso abierto
Diseño y construcción de un pedal de bicicleta basado en sensores piezorresistivos para determinar la fuerza resultante
(2014-04-20) Osorio-Valencia, J. S. (Juan Sebastián); Gómez-Cardona, S. (Sebastian); Restrepo-Mejía, S. (Sebastián)
In the Colombian cycling, the training guidelines are adjusted from qualitative data based on the direct observation of the sportsman. The aim of this research was to improve this process by the implementation of instrumented pedals to collect quantitative data of the performance of the cyclist. In this article we present the design and construction of a prototype of a dynamometric device that allows the acquisition of force data in the pedal. The device works based in a piezoresistive force sensor (FlexiForce®) connected to a specific mechanical adjustment and a signal conditioning system that gives a proportional voltage to the exerted force, whose registry and analysis are made in LabVIEWTM. The device allows the visualization of the pedaling force in real time.
Acceso abierto
Análisis biomecánico de la epifisiolisis de la cabeza femoral: comparación entre fémures sanos y enfermos
(2014-04-20) Botero-Botero, D. C. (Diana Carolina); Gómez-Benito, M. J. (María José); García-Aznar, J. M. (José Manuel ); Doblaré-Castellano, M. L. (Manuel); Barrios-Pintarque, C. (Carlos)
In this work, a finite element analysis (FEA) is accomplished to study the differences of stresses in the growth plate, that are produced in healthy and unhealthy femurs, and to evaluate the possible causes of this illness. Finite element models of 45 patients were developed. The results demonstrated a similar pattern of stresses in all the groups of femurs and also the appearance of greater stresses in the group with slipped capital femoral epiphysis than in the control group. It was also observed a strong dependency on the value of the axial-fisis angle from the group of femur analyzed and a bigger influence of the geometric factors than of the body mass index, in the incidence of the illness.
Acceso abierto
Análisis biomecánico de la esgrima mediante sistemas optoelectrónicos de análisis de movimiento. Estudio de caso: deportista de alto rendimiento
(2014-04-20) Torres-Ruiz, A. (Andrea)
This article presents the study of fencing techniques through biomechanical analysis, using optoelectronic systems that capture in real time two main gestures: advance and lunge, with the objective to digitally characterize the biomechanics, for its further kinematical analysis to describe the fencer’s technique in the movement execution. This study was made to characterize position curves, joint angles, velocity and acceleration of each of the markers located on the athlete’s body, in a quantitative manner. This study was developed on a high performance athlete in sword modality
Acceso abierto
Consideraciones para el análisis de la marcha humana. Técnicas de videogrametría, electromiografía y dinamometría
(2014-04-20) Villa-Moreno, A. (Adriana); Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, E. (Eduardo); Pérez-Moreno, J. C. (Juan Carlos)
Human gait analysis has been used in a wide range of applications, such as diagnosis and treatment selection for patients with neuro-muscular-skeletal diseases. The methods and technologies that exist for gait analysis are numerous, and they allow the recollection of the main quantitative parameters of a gait pattern in an objective way. A lot of factors must be considered during gait analysis in order to obtain reliable results; some of them must be taken into account, including the planning and configuration of the laboratory, the acquisition process and the results analysis system. This paper presents some considerations derived from the literature review and also from the direct experience with patients. They are mainly focused in systems which use techniques such as videogrammetry, dynamometry and electromyography, since they are the most used nowadays.
Acceso abierto
Estimación de potenciales evocados auditivos del tronco cerebral mediante descomposición modal empírica
(2014-04-20) Posada-Zuluaga, C. (Carolina); Acevedo, R (Rubén)
The brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) are commonly used for diagnostic purposes; however, processing becomes difficult because they are immersed in a large amount of noise coming not only from external sources but also from other physiological sources. So far the most widely used and accepted method to obtain reliable recording is the coherent averaging, but this type of processing presents some drawbacks. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a relatively new technique which is used for processing of non-stationary signal like almost physiological signals. This method separates a signal, extracting the energy associated with various intrinsic time scales, into a finite set of oscillatory modes. The purpose of the study was to asssess the EMD as a tool for improving the performance of the averaging coherent BAEPs seeking to reduce the amount of epochs needed to obtain a reliable register.To this end, we have analyzed the reconstruction of eight registers using only modes 2, 3 and 4 resulting from the EMD, the studies found that a reconstruction of 800 epochs is acceptable.
Acceso abierto
Control de mouse para computador mediante potenciales eléctricos oculares
(2014-04-20) Arboleda-Clavijo, C. (Carolina); García-Cossio, E. (Eliana); Palacio-Ochoa, M. (Marcela)
The use of computers and associated technology, has promoted the development of more comfortable and efficient hardware devices. Many handicapped people can not access to this technology. As a result, innovative mechanisms have been designed to attend the requirements of these people. One of such mechanisms has been the control through biopotentials. This article presents the construction of a mouse prototype, which allows horizontal displacements in response to left and right ocular movements that are registered by instrumentation amplifiers, processed and microcontrolled.
Acceso abierto
Descripción del método log-vision de procesamiento de imágenes en color en aplicaciones a imágenes oftálmicas
(2014-04-20) Valencia-Díaz, E. (Edison)
This paper describes an algorithm to sharpen a colour digital image based on S-CIE LAB extension. S-CIE LAB involves a series of smoothing spatial filters in the opponent color space to approximate the contrast sensitivity functions of the human vision system. The filters are linear combinations of Gaussian masks. The algorithm combines these spatial filters with the Laplacian operator in each opponent channel to obtain the sharpened image. The resulting image is then subtracted from the original image in each opponent channel and back transformed to the device independent representation space (XYZ) to obtain the final sharpened image. This article describes two examples that use the sharpening algorithm with medical images of the ophthalmic area.
Acceso abierto
La Biotecnología y el desarrollo de investigación aplicada en el programa de Ingeniería Biomédica de la EIA y el CES
(2014-04-20) López-Rojas, L. E. (Luis Ernesto); García-Quiroz, F. (Felipe); Londoño-Peláez, C. (Carolina)
Acceso abierto
Fast and accurate computation of the Euclidean distance transform in medical imaging analysis software
(2014-04-20) Gallego-Ortiz, C. (Cristina)
Fast and accurate computation of the Euclidean distance map transformation is presented using the python programming language in conjunction with the vtk and itk toolkits. Two algorithms are compared on the basis of their efficiency and computational speed; Saitho algorithm and Danielsson’s four-points Sequential Euclidean Distance (4SED). An algorithm is used to compute a scalar distance map from a 3D data set or volume, which can be used to extract specific distance values. The performance time for the Saitho computation speed was less than the Danielsson’s 4SED computation allowing a faster calculation of the Euclidean distance map. A software analysis application was implemented using the Saitho algorithm for the computation of the scalar distance maps; it also included an underlying segmentation method to allow the computation of Euclidean distance maps on micro-CT images of segmented bone structures. In the future, this application could be used in conjunction with other image processing software applications of bone analysis
Acceso abierto
Modelación por elementos finitos en un modelo de aneurisma
(2014-04-20) Correa-Posada, S. (Santiago)
Considering a model with generalized geometry and mechanical properties of the arterial wall for the peripheral vasculature aneurisms, a finite element modeling (FEM) is developed for analyzing the effects of arterial blood pressure and the arterial wall thickness in the aneurismal sac. The von Misses stresses, the transversal tensor stresses and the displacement in the aneurismal sac wall are analyzed. The possible site of rupture for this aneurism geometry is found surrounding the efferent artery and opposed to the flow inlet. A method for applying FEM to any aneurism geometry and blood pressure conditions is proposed for analyzing the risk of rupture and possible rupture site.